Parallel & Proverbs
A weekly literary miscellany

Effort is the theme that pretends to be advice but is really comfort. A proverb about persistence rarely teaches anything you didn’t already know. It just confirms that someone, somewhere, also stayed at the task.

The differences across languages are mostly differences of metaphor, and the metaphors are nearly always small. Ovid, exiled to the Black Sea, wrote gutta cavat lapidem — a drop hollows the stone — and the medieval grammar schools added the hinge, non vi sed saepe cadendo: not by force, but by often falling. Persian lets the drops pile up instead: qatreh qatreh jamʿ gardad, vāngahi daryā shavad, drop by drop they gather, and then become a sea. Vietnamese works metal — có công mài sắt, có ngày nên kim, grind iron with enough effort and one day it becomes a needle. Stone, sea, needle: the image gives you the patience the words can’t quite carry.

A second group refuses to let effort and faith be pulled apart. The Spanish a Dios rogando y con el mazo dando yokes them into a single motion: praying to God, and swinging the mallet. When a Bedouin asked the Prophet whether to hobble his camel or trust in God, the answer was iʿqil-hā wa-tawakkal — hobble her, and trust. A Greek saying answers a shipwrecked man who is shouting promises to the goddess instead of swimming: syn Athēnāi kai cheira kinei, together with Athena, move your hand as well. Sanskrit sets effort against wishing rather than prayer — deer do not walk into the mouth of a sleeping lion — and the Diné teaching t’áá hwó ají t’éego, it is up to you, makes self-reliance itself a spiritual discipline.

The archive also keeps the proverbs effort would rather not hear. Mandarin’s zhú lán dǎ shuǐ yī chǎng kōng — drawing water with a bamboo basket, all for nothing — and the Latin adage cribro aquam haurire, to draw water with a sieve, both describe labor that leaks however hard it is carried. Telugu moves the failure from the tool to whatever the work lands on: some effort falls like rain on a buffalo’s back and runs straight off. Beside them, Ovid’s stone stops looking incidental. The drop works because the stone keeps every mark.

№ 50 Greece

The Bundle of Sticks

Ἐὰν μὲν ὁμοφρονῆτε, ἀχείρωτοι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἔσεσθε· ἐὰν δὲ στασιάζητε, εὐάλωτοι.

eàn mèn homophronête, akheírōtoi toîs ekhthroîs ésesthe; eàn dè stasiázēte, eualōtoi

An Aesopic father proves what he cannot say: bound, the rods hold; loosed, they snap. It is the one saying about unity that travelled — because a demonstration can be restaged anywhere, in any language, by anyone with sticks.

Humanism 1,212 wds 6 min

№ 42 India

The Sleeping Lion

उद्यमेन हि सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः। न हि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगाः॥

udyamena hi sidhyanti kāryāṇi na manorathaiḥ / na hi suptasya siṃhasya praviśanti mukhe mṛgāḥ

Why a Sanskrit verse says deer do not walk into a sleeping lion's mouth — and how a Hebrew, a Mandarin, and a Yiddish saying agree, then quarrel, over whether effort is really what accomplishes things.

Effort 1,095 wds 6 min

№ 32 India

Number and Letter, the Two Eyes

எண்என்ப ஏனை எழுத்துஎன்ப இவ்விரண்டும் கண்என்ப வாழும் உயிர்க்கு

eṇ eṉpa ēṉai eḻuttu eṉpa ivv-iraṇṭum kaṇ eṉpa vāḻum uyirkku

A couplet from the Tamil Tirukkuṟaḷ calls literacy and numeracy the two eyes of every living soul — and Latin, Arabic, and Chinese each reach for sight or light to say what learning does to a person.

Merit 1,068 wds 7 min

Proverbs about effort, at a glance

Where this theme shows up